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Extrasolar Planets & Brown Dwarfs

Currently, large Jupiter-class planets in close "torch" orbits around their host stars -- "hot Jupiters" -- are easiest to detect. In general, given the constraints of today's technology and analytic methods, astronomers are not able to confirm the detection of nearby extrasolar planets with masses significantly less than half of Jupiter (e.g., Earth-class terrestrial planets) around sun-like ("Sol-type") stars. Currently, about three to four percent of over 100 Sol-type stars that are relatively close by have been found to have such large planets.

The substellar objects
described below are
believed to lie within
250 light-years of Sol.

Some recent findings and
hypotheses are summarized
at [Extrasolar News].

Awesome visualizations
of some of these
objects and their
star systems can
can be found at
John Whatmough's Web
site, Extrasolar Visions.

Additional details on
the latest discoveries
can be found at Jean
Schneider's site, the
Extrasolar Planets Encyclopedia,
which provides great summaries
and links to the
astronomers involved.

The table below lists confirmed substellar companions in orbit around "normal" stars by increasing mass (in Jupiter-mass equivalents), followed by a list of unconfirmed objects in order of increasing distance from Earth in light-years (not displayed). 

SUBSTELLAR
JUPITER
DISTANCE
ORBITAL
ECCEN-
DAY
OBJECTS
MASSES
From Star
PERIOD
TRICITY
TEMPERATURE
(AUs)
 
(Centigrade)
SOLAR SYSTEM
 
Earth
0.003
1
1.0 year
0.01
15
Jupiter
1
5.2
11.9 years
0.04
-150
   
CONFIRMED
(by mass)
 
HR3497 / HD75289 B
0.42
0.047/PRE>

3.51 days
0.00
...
51 Pegasi B
0.44
0.051
4.2 days
0.01
2-3,000
HD 187123 B
0.52
0.042
3.1 days
0.00
...
HD 209458 B
0.63
0.045
3.52 days
0.00
...
Up. Andromedae b
0.69
0.059
4.6 days
0.04
...
HR 5568 B / HD131977
0.75
1.0
1.1 years
...
...
HD 192263 B
0.76
0.18
24.1 days
0.12
...
Lalande 21185 B1
0.9
2.2
5.8 years
0.0?
...
HD 37124 B
1.04
0.585
155 days
0.19
...
HD 130322 B
1.08
0.103
10.7 days
0.03
...
Rho Cor. Borealis B
1.1
0.23
39.6 days
0.1
...
HD 177830 B
1.28
1.00
1.1 days
0.43
...
HD 217107 B
1.28
0.07
7.11 days
0.14
...
HD 210277 B / HR 8734
1.28
1.15
1.2 years
0.45
...
HD 134987 B
1.58
0.78
260 days
0.24
...
16 Cygni B1
1.74
1.7
2.2 years
0.68
...
Rho1 55 Cancri B1
0.85
0.12
14.7 days
0.03
...
Up. Andromedae c
2.0
0.82
241 days
0.23
...
Gliese 876 B / Ross 780
2.1
0.11
60.1 days
0.27
...
Iota Horologii B
2.26
0.91
320 days
0.16
...
47 Urs. Maj. B
2.42
2.1
3.0 years
0.1
-80
14 Herculis B
3.3
2.5
4.4 years
0.35
...
HD 195019
3.43
0.14
18.3 days
0.05
...
Gliese 86 A1
3.6
0.11
15.8 days
0.04
380
Tau Bootis Aa1
3.64
0.042
3.3 days
0.00
...
HD 168443 B
5.04
0.28
58 days
0.54
...
Up. Andromedae d
4.1
2.4
3.5 yrs
0.31
...
HD 222582
5.4
1.35
1.6 years
0.71
...
HD 10697
6.6
2.0
3.0 years
0.12
...
70 Virginis B
7.4
0.47
117 days
0.40
85
HD 114762 B
11.0
0.41
84 days
0.33
...
HD 110833 B
17
0.8
270 days
0.69
...
BD-04 782 B
21
0.7
241 days
0.28
...
HD 112758 A1
35
0.35
103.2 days
0.16
...
Xi Ursae Majoris B1?
37
0.06
4.0 days
0.00
...
HD 18445 B/C1?
39
0.9
1.5 years
0.54
...
HD 29587 B
40
2.5
4.0 years
0.37
...
HD 140913 B
46
0.54
148 days
0.61
...
HD 283750 B
50
0.025
1.8 days
0.02
...
HD 89707 B
54
...
298.2 days
0.95
...
HD 217580 B
60
1
1.2 years
0.52
...
Gliese 229 B
25-65
44
200+ years
...
...
   
UNCONFIRMED
(by distance)
 
Proxima Cent. B
10+
0.47
...
high
...
Barnard's B?
1.5
...
...
...
...
Lalande 21185 B2?
1.6
11
30
...
...
Lalande 21185 B3?
1?
11+
30+
...
...
Luyten 726-8 A1?
1.1
...
...
...
...
Luyten 726-8 A2?
1.4
...
...
...
...
Ross 248 B?
...
...
8   years
...
...
Ep. Eridani B?
3
...
25? years
...
...
61 Cygni A1?
10-80
...
5?  years
...
...
61 Cygni B1?
8
...
...
...
...
Luyten 5-1668 B?
60
...
7 years
...
...
AD Leonis B?
30
...
...
...
...
B. Pictoris B1?
...
6+
5.5 years
...
...
B. Pictoris B2?
...
55
320 years
...
...
Wolf 424 A
75-105
2-3
...
...
...
Wolf 424 B
65-85
2-3
...
...
...
Rho1 55 Cancri B2?
5
4+
8+ years?
...
...
CM Draconis AB1?
1-
1-
1- year
...
...
Aldebaran A1
11
1.3+
1.8  years
0.18
...
Phi2 Pavonis B
0.69
0.25
42.5 days
0.43
...

*Photo of Jupiter and Ganymede by NASA.

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